Can Raccoons Be A Pet? The Surprising Truth You Must Know

Can raccoons be pets? The simple answer is: Sometimes, but it’s almost always a bad idea. While some people have successfully raised raccoons, these animals have complex needs and inherent wild behaviors that make them unsuitable for most homes. This article dives into the world of raccoon ownership, covering everything from legality to behavior, and helping you understand why keeping a raccoon as a pet is usually not in the best interest of the animal or the owner.

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Raccoon Pet Legality: Where Can You Own One?

Raccoon pet legality is a complicated issue. It varies significantly from state to state, and even from county to county.

• Many states prohibit raccoon ownership entirely. This is because they are considered wild animals and potential carriers of diseases like rabies.
• Some states allow raccoon ownership with a permit. Obtaining a permit often requires meeting specific criteria, such as having experience with exotic animals or constructing a secure enclosure.
• A few states have no regulations regarding raccoon ownership. However, even in these states, local ordinances may prohibit keeping wild animals.

Before even considering getting a raccoon, thoroughly research your local and state laws. Contact your state’s wildlife agency or animal control department to get accurate and up-to-date information. Ignoring these laws can result in hefty fines, confiscation of the animal, and even legal action.

The table below offers a general overview. Because laws change frequently, this information should not be considered legal advice. Always verify with your local and state authorities.

State	Raccoon Pet Legality	Notes
Alabama	Illegal	Considered inherently dangerous.
Alaska	Illegal	Native wildlife laws prohibit.
Arizona	Illegal	Prohibited as native wildlife.
Arkansas	Permit Required	Requires a permit from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. Strict requirements apply.
California	Illegal	Considered a restricted species.
Colorado	Illegal	Wildlife regulations prohibit possession.
Connecticut	Illegal	Regarded as wildlife and not allowed as pets.
Delaware	Illegal	Classified as a prohibited animal.
Florida	Permit Required	Permit required to possess certain classes of wildlife. Raccoons fall into the category that requires a permit.
Georgia	Illegal	Considered wild animals and cannot be kept as pets.
Idaho	Illegal	Wildlife laws forbid keeping raccoons.
Illinois	Illegal	Banned as they are considered dangerous wild animals.
Indiana	Illegal	Prohibited due to wildlife regulations.
Iowa	Illegal	Cannot be kept as domestic animals.
Kansas	Permit Required	Requires a wildlife rehabilitation permit or special authorization.
Kentucky	Illegal	Classified as wild animals.
Louisiana	Illegal	Prohibited to own as pets.
Maine	Illegal	Considered wild animals and cannot be possessed as pets.
Maryland	Illegal	Prohibited by wildlife protection laws.
Massachusetts	Illegal	Classified as an animal that poses a risk to public safety.
Michigan	Illegal	Cannot be owned as pets without special permits that are usually not granted.
Minnesota	Illegal	Wild animals cannot be kept as pets.
Mississippi	Illegal	Raccoons are classified as wild animals and their possession is restricted.
Missouri	Illegal	Considered inherently dangerous, and ownership is prohibited.
Montana	Illegal	Native wildlife are protected and cannot be possessed as pets.
Nebraska	Illegal	Cannot be kept as pets without specific authorization which is unlikely to be granted.
Nevada	Illegal	Wild animals are prohibited as pets.
New Hampshire	Illegal	Considered wildlife and cannot be kept as pets.
New Jersey	Illegal	Prohibited by state regulations.
New Mexico	Illegal	Wild animals cannot be owned as pets.
New York	Illegal	Possession is prohibited under state laws.
North Carolina	Illegal	Considered wild animals.
North Dakota	Illegal	Wild animals are protected and cannot be owned as pets.
Ohio	Permit Required	Certain exotic animals require permits. Contact local authorities to confirm raccoon legality.
Oklahoma	Permit Required	Requires a permit. Specific requirements apply.
Oregon	Illegal	Classified as wild animals and their possession is restricted.
Pennsylvania	Illegal	Considered dangerous and illegal to own as pets.
Rhode Island	Illegal	Wildlife laws prohibit possession of raccoons.
South Carolina	Illegal	Prohibited under state regulations.
South Dakota	Illegal	Considered wildlife and cannot be possessed as pets.
Tennessee	Illegal	Not allowed as pets.
Texas	No Permit Required	As of the knowledge cutoff, Texas does not require a permit. However, local ordinances might apply, and rules could change.
Utah	Illegal	Wild animals are prohibited as pets.
Vermont	Illegal	Considered wildlife and not allowed as pets.
Virginia	Illegal	Wild animals cannot be kept as pets.
Washington	Illegal	Prohibited as wild animals.
West Virginia	Illegal	Raccoons are not allowed as pets.
Wisconsin	Illegal	Wildlife regulations prohibit possession.
Wyoming	Illegal	Wild animals cannot be kept as pets.

Raccoon Temperament as Pets: What to Expect

Even if raccoon pet legality allows it in your area, raccoon temperament as pets presents a significant challenge. Raccoons are not domesticated animals. They have retained their wild instincts, which can make them unpredictable and difficult to manage in a domestic setting.

• Destructive behavior: Raccoons are naturally curious and have nimble hands. This combination often leads to them tearing apart furniture, opening cabinets, and generally causing chaos in a home.
• Aggression: While some raccoons may be friendly and affectionate, others can be aggressive, especially if they feel threatened or cornered. This aggression can be directed towards humans, other pets, or even objects.
• Nocturnal nature: Raccoons are nocturnal animals, meaning they are most active at night. This can disrupt your sleep schedule and lead to conflicts within the household.
• Difficult to train: Raccoons are intelligent but not easily trained. They are independent and often resistant to commands. Housebreaking can be particularly challenging.
• Biting: Biting is a major concern. A raccoon bite can be painful and can transmit diseases.

Attempting to suppress their natural behaviors can lead to stress and anxiety for the raccoon, which can further exacerbate behavioral issues.

Raccoon Care Requirements: A Demanding Commitment

Raccoon care requirements are extensive and demanding, far exceeding those of a typical pet. Anyone considering raising a raccoon needs to be prepared to dedicate a significant amount of time, money, and effort to its care.

• Specialized diet: Raccoons have specific dietary needs that are difficult to replicate with commercial pet food. A balanced diet typically includes fruits, vegetables, nuts, insects, and meat. Improper nutrition can lead to serious health problems.
• Secure enclosure: Raccoons need a large, secure outdoor enclosure to provide them with space to roam and explore. The enclosure must be escape-proof, as raccoons are skilled climbers and problem-solvers.
• Enrichment: Raccoons are intelligent and need plenty of enrichment to prevent boredom and behavioral problems. This includes toys, climbing structures, and opportunities to forage for food.
• Veterinary care: Finding a veterinarian who is experienced in treating raccoons can be challenging. Raccoons are susceptible to a variety of diseases, and regular veterinary care is essential.
• Socialization: Raccoons are social animals and benefit from interaction with other raccoons. However, introducing a raccoon to other pets can be risky, as they may not get along.

The cost of owning a raccoon can be substantial, including the cost of the enclosure, food, veterinary care, and enrichment items.

Dietary Considerations: Mimicking a Natural Diet

Providing the right diet is crucial for a raccoon’s health. In the wild, they eat a diverse range of foods. Replicating this in captivity is difficult but essential.

• Variety is key: Offer a mix of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, insects, and small amounts of cooked meat or fish.
• Avoid processed foods: Processed foods, such as dog or cat food, are not suitable for raccoons and can lead to health problems.
• Taurine Supplementation: Wild raccoons get taurine from meat sources. Pet raccoons may need taurine supplements if their diet is largely plant-based. Consult a vet experienced with raccoons.
• Monitor weight: Obesity is a common problem in captive raccoons. Adjust food portions as needed to maintain a healthy weight.

Enclosure Essentials: Creating a Safe and Stimulating Environment

A secure and stimulating enclosure is essential for a raccoon’s well-being.

• Size: The enclosure should be as large as possible, allowing the raccoon to run, climb, and explore. A minimum size of 10ft x 10ft x 8ft is recommended.
• Security: The enclosure must be escape-proof, with sturdy walls, a secure roof, and a buried wire mesh to prevent digging.
• Climbing structures: Include trees, branches, or climbing structures to allow the raccoon to express its natural climbing behavior.
• Denning area: Provide a denning area where the raccoon can sleep and feel secure. This could be a wooden box or a dog house filled with soft bedding.
• Water source: Provide a fresh, clean water source at all times. A shallow pool or tub can also provide opportunities for play and bathing.

Raccoon Behavior in Captivity: Understanding Their Instincts

Raccoon behavior in captivity is often influenced by their natural instincts. Even raccoons raised from a young age retain their wild tendencies.

• Exploring: They are naturally curious and love to investigate their surroundings.
• Foraging: They enjoy searching for food and will often dig and rummage through their enclosure.
• Climbing: They are skilled climbers and need opportunities to climb and explore vertical spaces.
• Washing: They are known for “washing” their food in water before eating it. This behavior is thought to be related to their tactile senses.
• Marking: They use scent marking to communicate with other raccoons and establish their territory.

Trying to suppress these natural behaviors can lead to frustration and stress for the raccoon. Instead, provide them with opportunities to express their instincts in a safe and controlled environment.

Raccoon Health Issues as Pets: A Veterinary Challenge

Raccoon health issues as pets can be complex, and finding a veterinarian with experience treating raccoons can be challenging.

• Rabies: Raccoons are a common carrier of rabies. Vaccination is essential, but laws regarding rabies vaccination in pet raccoons vary by state.
• Raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis): This parasite is common in raccoons and can be transmitted to humans, causing serious neurological damage. Regular deworming is crucial.
• Distemper: Raccoons are susceptible to canine distemper, a highly contagious and often fatal disease. Vaccination is recommended.
• Leptospirosis: This bacterial disease can be transmitted through contact with contaminated urine. Vaccination is available.
• Obesity: Captive raccoons are prone to obesity due to lack of exercise and improper diet.
• Dental problems: Dental problems can occur due to improper diet and lack of chewing opportunities.

Finding a Qualified Veterinarian

Finding a veterinarian who is knowledgeable and experienced in treating raccoons is crucial for their health and well-being.

• Exotic animal veterinarians: Look for veterinarians who specialize in exotic animals or wildlife.
• Wildlife rehabilitators: Contact local wildlife rehabilitation centers for referrals.
• Veterinary schools: Veterinary schools may have veterinarians who are experienced in treating raccoons.

Raccoon Pet Pros and Cons: Weighing the Decision

Even with all the information, deciding to own a raccoon requires careful thought. Review the raccoon pet pros and cons below.

Pros:

• Intelligent and curious: Raccoons are intelligent and can be entertaining to watch.
• Affectionate: Some raccoons can be affectionate with their owners.
• Unique pet: Owning a raccoon is certainly a unique experience.

Cons:

• Destructive: Raccoons are naturally destructive and can cause significant damage to your home.
• Aggressive: They can be aggressive, especially if they feel threatened.
• Nocturnal: Their nocturnal nature can disrupt your sleep schedule.
• Difficult to train: Raccoons are not easily trained and can be difficult to manage.
• Expensive: Raccoons require specialized care and can be expensive to own.
• Legality: In many places, it’s illegal or requires a permit.
• Health risks: They can carry diseases that are transmissible to humans.

Raising a Raccoon: The Challenges of Early Development

Raising a raccoon, especially from a young age, presents significant challenges. Neonatal raccoons require intensive care and attention.

• Hand-feeding: Young raccoons need to be hand-fed every few hours with a specialized formula.
• Stimulation: They need help with urination and defecation, which is normally done by the mother.
• Socialization: Proper socialization is crucial to prevent behavioral problems later in life.
• Weaning: Weaning can be a challenging process, as raccoons can be picky eaters.

Even with the best care, hand-raised raccoons may develop behavioral problems, such as aggression or fearfulness.

Raccoon Pet Rehabilitation: A Better Option?

If you find an orphaned or injured raccoon, consider raccoon pet rehabilitation as a responsible alternative to keeping it as a pet.

• Contact a licensed rehabilitator: The best course of action is to contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator who has the knowledge and resources to care for the animal properly.
• Temporary care: If you must provide temporary care, keep the raccoon in a secure enclosure and provide it with food and water. Avoid handling it unnecessarily.
• Release: The goal of rehabilitation is to release the raccoon back into the wild once it is healthy and self-sufficient.

Rehabilitation offers a way to help a raccoon in need without subjecting it to the unnatural environment of captivity.

Final Thoughts: Prioritizing Animal Welfare

While the idea of owning a raccoon may be appealing, it is important to consider the animal’s well-being above all else. Raccoons are wild animals with complex needs that are difficult to meet in a domestic setting. The vast majority of people are not equipped to provide the care that a raccoon requires, and keeping one as a pet can lead to a life of frustration and suffering for the animal. Before considering raccoon ownership, carefully weigh the pros and cons and consider the potential impact on the raccoon’s quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is the lifespan of a raccoon in captivity?
A: Raccoons in captivity can live for 10-15 years, which is longer than their average lifespan in the wild (2-3 years). However, this longer lifespan often comes at the cost of their natural behaviors and well-being.

Q: Can I train a raccoon to use a litter box?
A: While some people have had success with litter box training, it is not always possible. Raccoons are not naturally inclined to use a litter box, and accidents are common.

Q: What do I do if I find an abandoned baby raccoon?
A: The best course of action is to contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator. They can provide the proper care for the raccoon and eventually release it back into the wild.

Q: How much does it cost to own a raccoon?
A: The cost of owning a raccoon can vary, but it is generally quite expensive. You will need to factor in the cost of the enclosure, food, veterinary care, enrichment items, and any required permits. Initial costs can easily exceed $1,000, with ongoing expenses of several hundred dollars per month.

Q: What diseases can raccoons transmit to humans?
A: Raccoons can transmit a variety of diseases to humans, including rabies, raccoon roundworm, leptospirosis, and giardiasis. It is important to take precautions to protect yourself from these diseases, such as wearing gloves when handling a raccoon or its feces.

Q: Are raccoons good with children?
A: Raccoons are generally not a good choice for households with children. Their unpredictable behavior and potential for aggression can pose a risk to children.

Q: What kind of enclosure does a raccoon need?
A: A raccoon needs a large, secure outdoor enclosure with sturdy walls, a secure roof, and a buried wire mesh to prevent digging. The enclosure should also include climbing structures, a denning area, and a water source.

Q: Can I let my raccoon roam free in my house?
A: It is not recommended to let a raccoon roam free in your house. Raccoons are naturally destructive and can cause significant damage. They can also be difficult to control and may bite or scratch if they feel threatened.